Polymers :: essays research papers

Polymers are large molecules composed of smaller molecules called monomers. Monomers are produced and either grow together or are assembled to produce a single polymer. There are synthetic and natural polymers. Some examples of natural polymers would be wood, starches, fingernails, and hair. Synthetic polymers are usually referred to as plastics. Petroleum, is the primary monomer used to produce polymers. An English chemist named Alexander Parkes was the first scientist to produce the first synthetic polymer in 1862. John Wesley Hyatt, an American, was the first person to produce a useable polymer two years later. He named the product celluloid. The prime virtue of polymers is a high strength-to-weight ratio. Industrial-strength polymers surpass titanium in tensile strength. To add strength and improve flexibility, polymers are sometimes fortified with short-fiber additives, mostly fiberglass. This is known as a polymer composite. One particular polymer has three times the strength of tempered steel and is being used in bullet proof vests. Another composite will be used to fasten together the sections proposed space stations. Polymers have also been used in cars, including the Chevrolet Camaro and the Pontiac Fiero. New polymers are being created with more strength and flexibility by combing two chemically different polymers and producing a block copolymer. Combinations of block copolymers and composites and intended for use in booster rockets and in materials of Earth-orbiting installations. Most common polymers are usually solid, but a new class of polymers is being introduced in a liquid crystal state. Although these polymers still have the physical characteristics of liquid, they are structured more like solids. Many liquid crystals are transparent at one temperature and colored at another temperature. This makes them suitable for use in liquid crystal displays, such as in digital watches, hand-held calculators, and lap-top computers. A new liquid polymer, consisting of a mixture of iron and nickel, is being used to make metal links that can be used in paper, glass, and on electronic circuit boards. Despite the development and widespread use of

Grendel as a Sympathetic Character Essay

Can you imagine being born and automatically being considered evil? This is what happens to Grendel. Throughout the book everyone’s feelings towards Grendel is that of a bad person or creature. In Grendel my sympathy for Grendel fluctuates. Grendel starts out as a sympathetic character because he is an innocent curious child with a mother who doesn’t talk, and lives in a cave. As the story moves on Grendel is misunderstood then starts to make decisions that makes my sympathy for him decrease. Throughout the book there are three stages to Grendels’ life. The first stage starts off with his childhood, which he spends exploring and questioning. He eventually finds the lake of firesnakes and the land after it is his introduction to a larger world full of danger and knowledge. The second stage starts when a bull attacks Grendel; this teaches Grendel that the world is full of danger and makes him question the meaning of life. Grendel tries to figure out the meaning of life by observing how humans go through life and it interests him. While Grendel is trapped and getting attacked by a bull some humans intervene and see him trapped. Grendel tries talking to the humans and ask for help, and all of a sudden they attack Grendel because they do not understand him and fear him because of his appearance. Grendel’s mother comes to the rescue to save her son. How could one be a monster yet be saved by his mother? This is an example of my sympathy for Grendel who is a misunderstood creature. Grendel eventually sees how Hrothgar treats other humans and decides that he does not like what he does to them. He eventually attacks the people in the mead hall all of the soldiers, which makes me lose sympathy for him but I could see why he does it. It is a personal feeling Grendel has towards Hrothgar. Grendel is a character that goes through many stages throughout the story, but to be born from evil does not necessarily make you evil. He was just a curious little creature who was still babied by his mother in the beginning and then learns of humans and does not like the way that they treat each other and eventually is killed by Beowulf.

The Colonies by 1763 Essay - 605 Words

The Colonies by 1763 Between the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans. By 1763, although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. Between the two established churches, in the colonies, Anglican and Congregational, a considerable number of people didnt worship in any church. But in the colonies with a maintained†¦show more content†¦Also the colonies couldnt manufacture certain products, and there werent any banks to ensure that England got all the money it possibly could. Yet, since, in the early days of the colonies, England didnt pay much attention to them so they didnt really follow the rules set on them now. Being trade companies set up the colonies, they already traded with each other and other countries as well continued to do so when the laws started. They produced crops such as tobacco, rice, and sugar. They also had shipbuilding companies. Plus, the colonies had a slave trade with the Dutch and the West Indies. Building on English foundations of political liberty, the colonists extended the concepts of liberty the self-government far beyond those envisioned in the mother country. By 1775, the colonies had different forms of government. Eight of them had royal governors. Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware chose their own governors or proprietors. The last two, Connecticut and Rhode Island were independent and self governing, electing their own governors. Almost all of the colonies had a two-house legislature, which included the upper house or council, and the lower house or popular branch. There were strict qualifications for voting. Certain religious and property qualifications were necessary for one to be able to vote. Although satisfying the land requirement was somewhat easy, some that were qualified didnt exercise the privilege. Even thoughShow MoreRelatedThe Colonies by 1763-a New Society?1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Colonies by 1763-A New Society? Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the extension of British ideals far beyond the practice in England itself. The thirteen colonies throughout time all established themselves and soon developed their own identities. Colonies in different areas were known for different things and no one colony was like the other. These people began to see them selves as CaroliniansRead More The Colonies By 1763: A New Society? Essay512 Words   |  3 Pages The Colonies by 1763: A New Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of a society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By 1763, although some colonies still maintained established churches,Read MoreEssay on The Effects Of Britan On The Colonies During 1607 To 17631094 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Between the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of a society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics, and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration andRead MoreEvaluate the extent which Trans-Atlantic interactions from 1600-1763 contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostering change in labor systems in the British North American Colonies?610 Words   |  3 Pagesas â€Å"black†, but as â€Å"pagan†. The subtle change to racism occurred in this century as Trans-Atlantic trade developed. In the time period from 1600 to 1763, labor systems in British America changed drastically in the West Indian islands and the Southern colonies because of Trans-Atlantic trade, but they stayed similar in the Middle and New England colonies to what they were before constant trade across the Atlantic was introduced. First, there is the change resulting from the South Atlantic System.Read MoreThe Scratch of a Pen 1763 and the Transformation of North America921 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Scratch of a Pen 1763 and the Transformation of North America† Colin G. Galloway Wei Tzu (Kaylin) Wang March 21, 2013 TTH- 12:30PM- 2:30PM Professor Mosby American History could not have written itself without the importance of our founding fathers. The transformation of North America in 1763 was an important year in American History because it was an ending of a long warfare in Europe and America. In the book called â€Å"The Scratch of a Pen 1763 and the transformation of North America†Read MoreColonization of Spain and Britain Essays647 Words   |  3 PagesThe history of the colonies focuses primarily around the struggle between the global superpowers during that time period, Spain and Britain, to win control of North America. Prior to 1763, these entities battled over territory on the continent, eventually leading the Britain’s dominance. The economic, social, and political differences between the Spanish and British colonization efforts created the opportunity to Britain to overtake North America. To begin, economic factors greatly contributedRead MoreCompare and Contrast Spanish and British Colonization Efforts in North America Prior to 1763.1475 Words   |  6 Pagesefforts in North America prior to 1763. Prior to 1763, both Spanish and British colonization efforts expanded into various regions of North America. In less than a century, from 1625 to 1700, the movements of peoples and goods from Europe to North America transformed the continent. Native Americans either resisted or accommodated the newcomers depending on the region of the colony. Though the English colonies were by far the most populous, within the English colonies, four distinct regions emergedRead MoreThe American Revolution : A Significant Part Of American History1399 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution took place between 1765 and 1783 during which the colonists in the thirteen American colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain and founded the the United States of America. By 1763 the crisis had begun to develop. John Adams was right when he wrote; â€Å"The revolution was in the minds of the people, and the union of of the colonies, before hostilities commenced. The revolution and union were gradually forming from the years 1760 toRead MoreThe Colonial Incentives for Independence Essays833 Words   |  4 Pagesthirteen British colonies won their independence from Great Britain, their mother country at the time. The war that allowed the colonies to gain their independence was, of course, the American Revolution. One reason the colonists’ declaration of independence was understandable was because after an extended period of salutary neglect, the British started imposing laws on the colonies. Another reason was that the British violated colonists’ rights by implementing the Proclamation of 1763. A third andRead MoreHow the American Revolution Changed American Society Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesFrom 1763 to 1789 the American Colon ies underwent a radical transformation into an independent self governing nation. British debt accumulated from the French and Indian War brought colonists into conflict with the mother country over a variety of social, political and economic issues. However, the outcome of the American Revolution was not a radical departure from America had been prior to 1763 but later, with the introduction of the constitution, developed unto a revolutionary society. At the

Why Should We Need A Satisfactory Knowledge - 1588 Words

Why is it that the modern world has either abandoned God or removed Him from the first position and why should we care? It seems to be a very heated debate when matters of religion and faith are discussed in the modern world. One needs to be able to step back and understand both sides of the argument to be able to acquire a satisfactory knowledge, and be able to debate intelligently one’s own position. It is through self-reliance and the scientific progress that man has made, that gives him a reason to discard or downgrade the importance of God. In addition, if the believers do not acquire a proper catechesis of one’s own faith, then they could be spreading erroneous teachings and driving people away from God and religion. Because of these factors, man has distanced himself from God, and it is through the instructions and examples of the Catholic Church that man can acquire the proper knowledge of God. With this knowledge man will come to a deeper understanding of life, the proper use of the goods in this life, and the holiness of a good death. This is the reason why we still need to seek and have a relationship with God and it is even more important today. It is interesting that, in a way, we are all responsible for leading people away from God. David Hume states in his Natural History of Religion, that the majority of people in nations have accepted theism, being the belief in one God, not by reason, but by irrational superstitions (6, 4). Hume makes a goodShow MoreRelatedJustification Of Punishment Justified By Ted Honderinch s Punishment1038 Words   |  5 PagesWhy punish? Is the use of punishment Justified? Ted Honderinch’s Punishment: The supposed Justifications Revisited aim to answer these questions. Punishment is at the core of our punitive systems, therefore society needs to establish a well thought-out moral explanation as to why we punish and what we aim to achieve with the use of punishment. Honderinch set out to ana lyze the supposed moral claims that justify the practice of punishment and to determine if they are satisfactory enough for the intentionalRead MoreSexuality And Its Effects On Children Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning of â€Å"I am young but not idot† (eS toku gw ij uknku ugh) but I want to know much more in this matter â€Å". Aditi is not the only child to have such questions about sexuality; the girls of her age do possess such inquisitive feelings. Only few get satisfactory replies to their question on this matter. However, in today’s scientific age, where open discussion on this subject is considered to be inferiority and reading books, magazines, periodicals on sexuality is termed as immoral where shall these girlsRead MoreWorld s Greatest Cafe Organization1479 Words   |  6 Pagesbrands Rivalry from McDonalds, Gloria jeans and nearby cafà ©s High Value – Low Quality insufficient stores to get to Social Context. Purpose of the research: The primary reason for our association is to chip away at why starbucks espresso in Australia has neglected to full fill the needs of the Australian clients. Starbucks is a major coffee house in Australia. This uber chain gave over its remaining 24 bistros down under to the Shrivels Bunch, which works 7-11 in Australia. Starbucks close down almostRead MoreEducation Is The Best Country Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered why our country is ranked low in comparison to other countries when it comes to education? Our country is said to be the best country in the world; yet when one takes a closer look on our system, defects are bound to be found. Take a look at our education for instance. We have the least productive schools in the nation. The truth is that the board of education has dumbed down the system due to a decrease in testing averages. The educational system has not remained the sameRead MoreTraining And Development Of An Effective Program Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Research Project gives student an opportunity to gain some practical knowledge in their theoretical subjects. I have gone through various magazines journals and websites to get the accurate knowledge on my chosen topic. Objectives of the project ïÆ'Ëœ Most organizations have a performance appraisal (PA) program that has evolved over time and is likely not meeting the needs of employees and managers. ïÆ'Ëœ Many competing PA theories and practices exist making development of an effectiveRead MoreWhy Is Healthcare Provided By A Team Of Different Professionals, And How Do We Achieve This?979 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is healthcare provided by a team of different professionals, and how do we achieve this? Inter-professional practice refers to the effective communication and working relationships with various health professionals and patients, by providing a quality patient outcome. According to the World Health Organisation (2013), inter-professional occurs when two or more professions learn to communicative†¦enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. Therefore, suggesting that itRead MorePerformance Management Project Analysis1005 Words   |  5 PagesManagement phase, and that is why I chose Chapter 2 it describes the performance management process as the subject for my project. The subjects included in this chapter the performance management process starting with what should be done before a system is implemented and ending with the performance renewal and reconstructing phases. Nearly half of startups fail in the first year of operations, and not having a proper Human Resource planning strategy is one of the main reasons why. Human Resource managementRead MoreA Brief Note On The Barrier Of Participation For Carers815 Words   |  4 PagesOne barrier to participation for carers is time. Some carers may be short on time and therefore want to spend time with their child rather than talking about them. This needs to be dealt with sensitively as carers may feel guilty that they can’t do as much as they would like. There are many ways to overcome this. One of these is using home-link books. These are books in which practitioners and carers can exchange information, comments and ideas on a daily basis. Another way to overcome this is withRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?862 Words   |  4 Pages(Contemporary Education Issues | K12 Academics, 2015). While some states leave it up to the individual district to set the rules for sex education in the district. Sexual Education suggests to deliver the knowledge, standards and procedures that allow the implementation of human rights, the satisfactory enactment in our personal lives, inspire a thoughtful change in civic values, ethical attitudes, and active oppositions which arouse the personal development and social combination of pre-teenagers andRead MoreWeaknesses Of Plato1262 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Meno, Plato justifies the possibility for one’s mind to uncover knowledge. Knowing one can obtain knowledge motivates the mind to gain more knowledge. Plato explains the theory of recollection by first questioning what virtue is, then demonstrating the process through the questioning of a slave boy. Although a few weaknesses present themselves in Plato’s argument, Plato presents a valid theory on how our minds can obtain knowledge. This paper focuses on exploring Plato’s theory of recollection by

The Story Of Creation And The Fall Of Man - 1074 Words

The Story of Creation and the Fall of Man The story of creation and the fall of man are the mainly studied and more diligently and critically analyzed in the Bible. They are contained in the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis. The creation story is highly criticized in light of scientists and other non believers due the controversy that exist between science and religion. While science is subjective, Religion is objective and thus based on opinion. Nevertheless, the Bible appears more correct and truthful compared the evolution theories. There are more questions than answers in the revolution theory, for instance, how can a monkey turn into human being? And if that’s the case why aren’t the modern monkey turn into human beings? In that case, the Bible stands to be the better version in regard to the beginning of human race. I am a Christian, a fully devoted one, and my analysis of the creation story is based on the Bible, and more specifically, on the first three chapters of the book of Genesis as cont ained in the New International Version (NIV). Chapter 1 The chapter begins with the existence of Supreme Being, God, who created heaven and earth from rather a formless and void full of darkness; â€Å"let there be light; let there be an expanse between the waters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Genesis 1:3, 6. This reveals the power of a supernatural being that controls the universe; and that absolute power lies with God, the creator of the universe. The creation work is systematically done in sixShow MoreRelated Is Falling Failure or Freedom? Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdefines a â€Å"fall†? Some would say that a fall is a freeing from the restrictions of the oppression of a supreme being. Others would say that a fall is the punishment that comes from foolishly disobeying the one who is in authority over you. The falls in book nine of â€Å"Paradise Lost† and â€Å"Othello† both have parallels in the reasons and methods in which revenge was carried out and perfection was destroyed. But these stories end with different vi ctors and very different balances of power. The fall of â€Å"ParadiseRead MoreWestern and Eastern Cosmologies1423 Words   |  6 Pagesthe universe is shaped, ordered, operated, and mens role in it.† The goal in this essay is to illustrate philosophical, literary similarities and differences between Eastern and Western cosmologies by using King James The Fall and David Cusicks The Iroquois Creation Story. The Eastern and Western cosmologies are defined by philosophical and literary perspectives, not based on geography, culture, and language. The Eastern cosmology is based on collectivism and Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang is ChineseRead MoreShellys Frankenstein and Miltons Paradise Lost Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesnarrates a story about a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, and his creation of a monster set apart from all worldly creatures. Frankensteins creation parallels Miltons Paradise Lost and Gods creation of man; Victor Frankenstein is symbolic of God and the monster is symbolic of Adam. The parallel emphasizes the moral limitations of mankind through Victor Frankenstein and the disjunction and correlation with Paradise Lost. Shelly links the two stories together through Victors creation of the monsterRead MoreThe Biblical Story Of Adam And Eve878 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence of the biblical story of Adam and Eve is very apparent in Rappaccinis Daughter. This being said, it is d isappointing that little to no criticisms are found on this topic. Nathanial Hawthorns, Rappaccinis daughter, is an Allusion of Adam and Eve and therefore an allegory. When approached with a readers responds critique, one is reminded of the biblical story of Adam and Eve, the creation of man. The story of Adam and Eve happens in Genesis chapter 2 and 3. Long story short, god made Adam andRead MoreExample Of Creation Stories1471 Words   |  6 Pagesnation, or group of people has their own creation story. Many of the stories have similar elements, but each story has key characteristics that make it unique. Numerous people are puzzled by the need for origin stories. The truth is that these stories are necessary, because they give people answers to the many questions they have about the world and themselves. The stories also give people a perception of cause and effect. For example, in the Navajo creation myth, adultery and other sinful acts causedRead MoreCreation Theories Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesWithout the bible humans would not be able to depict different theories of creation. The Old and New Testament are not considered in many people, but it is known by all. Theories that have affected different religions are creation, evolution, and mythology. With 6,775,235,700 people walking the earth, every person has his/her personal opinions about the world’s existence. In the book of Genesis, Christian Scholars have described the work of God in his seven days of constructing the world. WatersRead MoreThe story of Paradise Lost by John Milton details disobedience and the fall of mankind from God’s900 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Paradise Lost by John Milton details disobedience and the fall of mankind from God’s grace. God preordained all that was and all that will be following his creation. The poems major themes are the obedience to God, the nature of the universe and ultimately the fall of mankind. These themes will be further explained thru Milton’s explanation of light and darkness. Milton’s conversations between Satan, Beelzebub, Adam and Eve illustrate the difference between their conflicting views onRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesMuch like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of m an and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanity, leading into the creation of man. Although it would be simple to compare the novel to such non-religious terms, the religious symbolism cannot be ignored in Frankenstein. Many biblical references within Frankenstein refer to the creation story in the first book ofRead MoreThe Fall From Moral Perfection1442 Words   |  6 PagesEllen Jo Marrero Professor Lou Ann Trost Humanities Honors 1A 22 November 2016 The Fall from Moral Perfection Civilization, although a simple and natural state of mankind, is a triumph of mind over matter, of reason over instinct, and of the distinctly human over mankind’s animal nature. The concept of civilization is widely used to relate to a complex and advanced society, as well as ancient cultures that flourished centuries ago, which left a significant mark on how a society functions inRead MoreComparing The Greek, Chinese, And The Christian Stories1738 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2015 Creation Stories Creation stories are the few stories that are constantly spread around and passed down from generations to generations. They represent some cultures and are stories that some people believe in. I choose to write and compare different creation stories because I grew up listening to them and watching TV dramas playing the stories out too. So I have a connection with the various stories and I want to explore them more in depth. I have chosen three creation stories to compare

O’Henry Essay Free Essays

Many people have not heard or have read any of the classical short stories by O. Henry a 1900 short story writer. His style of writing makes the reader feel the emotions of the characters’ by detailed and deep descriptions. We will write a custom essay sample on O’Henry Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of O. Henrys unique writing his stories have delighted readers for over a hundred years. One of O. Henrys writing styles he uses In many of his stories are member s of law enforcement. In his short story â€Å"A Dollars Worth,† he uses many members of law enforcement. In that same story it makes more sense if a district attorney is being threatened by a man he put in jail rather than a regular person. It also can make the story interesting like a shootout with a criminal and the district attorney in â€Å"A Dollars Worth. † There are even more examples of law enforcement in â€Å"The Retrieved Reformation. † An example is the eminent detective Ben Price who arrested Jimmy for safe cracking. There is also the warden at the Jail that Jimmy served his sentence. The warden wanted Jimmy to stop safe cracking and Just be a good citizen. This Is Just one of O. Henrys writing styles. Another writing style of O. Henry Is the use of Irony In his stories. In â€Å"The Retrieved Reformation,† he uses Irony at the end. The Irony happens when Jimmy has to use his tools for good and not for stealing to save a girls life. O. Henry also uses Irony in his short story â€Å"The Last Leaf. † In the story Bergman an amateur artist who is not very gifted at art is able to with his art save a dying girls life. I think the way O. Henry uses irony makes his stories stand out and unique to other short story writers. He also has many other styles and his is Just another one of his writing styles. He also uses ordinary people for his characters in his short stories. In â€Å"The Gift of The Magi,’ he uses two ordinary people trying to make the other happy. When he uses regular people other people might relate to same problems as the characters. Since he uses ordinary â€Å"The Last Leaf. † He can show that the artists go through the same problems as other people unlike superheroes who are untouchable. He shows that you don’t need special people to make a story great, but a good story. Those are Just some of the writing characteristics of O. Henry. Because of his unique writing styles he will make the next and the next grasp his books and fall in love with them. O. Henrys writing style will has made readers laugh, cry, and feel the emotion of the characters for over a hundred years. BY Jollities unique writing his stories have delighted readers for over a hundred years. One of O. Henrys writing styles he uses in many of his stories are member s of law threatened by a man he put in Jail rather than a regular person. It also can make the Arden wanted Jimmy to stop safe cracking and Just be a good citizen. This is Just Another writing style of O. Henry is the use of irony in his stories. In â€Å"The Retrieved Reformation,† he uses irony at the end. The irony happens when Jimmy has to use his tools for good and not for stealing to save a girls life. O. Henry also uses irony in his short story â€Å"The Last Leaf. † In the story but a good story. Those are Just some of the writing characteristics of O. Henry. Books and fall in love with them. O. Henrys writing style will has made readers laugh, How to cite O’Henry Essay, Essays

Risk Assessment Assignment free essay sample

Included in my vote is the condition that extensive educational efforts are given to the public, notice of when and where the pesticide will be applied, and its potential risk and hazards be given to the citizens of Genericville. After doing extensive research and a risk assessment of Malathion, I believe that the benefits outweigh the risk in using this pesticide. First, I will give a little background on the mosquito. Mosquitoes are two-winged flying insects that need blood to fertilize their eggs. There are over 3000 different species of mosquitoes in the world. In the United States, there are 150 different species of mosquitoes (Crans, 2004). Female and male mosquitoes have an average lifespan of two weeks and feed on plants. It is the female mosquito that bites and feeds off humans, birds, and other animals blood to help fertilize their eggs. Because of this, female mosquitoes can spread diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and West Nile virus (CDC, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Assessment Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the American Mosquito Control Association (2010) there are â€Å"at least 43 species of mosquitoes have been found infected with the West Nile virus in the United States. † The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website (2010) stated that as of October 26, 2010, there were 832 cases of WNV and 34 fatalities in the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. While there have been no incidents of WNV in Genericville within the last year, projections for WNV in Genericville are estimated to be about 50 cases with two fatalities. The reasons for these projections are due to recent testing of possibly infected birds and higher than average rainfall which expanded the current mosquito breeding grounds. Presently, the wetlands at the banks of the river are a breeding ground for mosquitoes that may infect citizens and potential tourist to our area with West Nile Virus (WNV). By using Malathion as part of the mosquito control program, Genericville can eliminate the risk of our citizens and tourist from contracting the West Nile Virus (WNV) and other mosquito spread illnesses. Malathion is an insecticide that has been used in public health pest control programs since 1956. Since Malathion is classified as an adulticide, it kills insects that are at the adult stage. In the proposed pesticide application program for Genericville, Malathion will be applied by ground application and aerial spraying in small doses that minimize risk to the humans and the environment. As I stated before I did extensive research on the pesticide Malathion and did a risk assessment of its pros and cons. According to Wiley amp; Sons (2006), the steps of a risk assessment are as follows: Step 1:Hazard Identification Step 2:Dose-Response Step 3:Exposure Step 4:Risk Characterization Step 1:Hazard Identification To determine the results of the risk assessment, I followed the questions posed by Wiley amp; Sons (2006). In identifying the risk of Malathion, I needed to answer the following question: does exposure to Malathion causes increased likelihood of adverse health effects such as cancer or birth defects? According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2010), Malathion is classified as having â€Å"suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity† but only in extremely high doses. Other adverse health effects such as dizziness, confusion, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, convulsions, and death only occur when individuals are exposed to or ingest high doses of Malathion Step 2:Dose-Response What is the relationship between amount of exposure and seriousness of adverse health effects? To answer this question, I again consulted the EPA website. If Malathion is applied according to the Environmental Protection